Preheat your oven to 350°F and grease a 9x9-inch baking pan. Mix together 1 1/2 cups flour, 1 cup sugar, 2 tsp baking powder, and 1/4 tsp salt in a large bowl. I always sift the flour first because lumps hide and ruin the texture.
In another bowl, cream 1/2 cup softened butter with 2 large eggs and 1 tsp vanilla bean paste until fluffy and pale. This takes about 2 minutes with an electric mixer. Don't rush this part — it adds air to your cake.
Alternate adding the dry mixture and 1/2 cup milk to the butter mixture, starting and ending with dry ingredients. Mix on low speed after each addition — you want a smooth batter without overmixing. I learned this the hard way after my first batch turned into rubber.
Fold in 1 cup fresh blueberries gently with a spatula, then pour into your prepared pan. Spread evenly and bake for 30-35 minutes until a toothpick comes out clean. The blueberries will sink naturally, which is exactly what you want happening.
While it bakes, whisk together 1/4 cup lemon juice, 1 tbsp lemon zest, and 1/2 cup sugar in a small bowl. This becomes your poke syrup and it's where the magic happens with this homemade poke cake. The syrup looks simple but tastes incredible.
Pull the cake out when it's golden and still warm — this is crucial. Use a fork or skewer to poke holes all over the top, spacing them about 1/2 inch apart. I go in at different angles to make sure the syrup gets everywhere.
Slowly pour your lemon syrup over the entire warm cake, letting it soak into each hole. Don't panic if it looks watery at first — it thickens as it cools and absorbs into the cake. Let it cool completely before serving, about 2 hours.