Heat olive oil in a large Dutch oven over medium-high heat for two minutes. Pat chicken thighs dry with paper towels, then season generously with salt and pepper on both sides before placing them skin-side down in the hot oil.
Brown the thighs for four to five minutes per side until golden and crispy. This step builds tremendous flavor through the Maillard reaction, so don't skip it even though you're pressed for time.
Remove chicken to a clean plate, then add diced onion and celery to the pot. Cook for three minutes, stirring occasionally, then add minced garlic and cook one more minute until fragrant.
Return the chicken thighs to the pot and pour in chicken broth while scraping up browned bits from the bottom. Add carrots, potatoes, mushrooms, bay leaves, thyme, sage, and paprika, then stir gently to combine your savory fall chicken thigh dinner ingredients.
Bring everything to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer covered for twenty to twenty-five minutes until potatoes are completely tender and chicken reaches 165°F internally. The fall chicken dinner should look rich and cohesive now.
Remove bay leaves, taste, and adjust seasonings as needed with extra salt or pepper. Sprinkle fresh parsley over the top just before serving for brightness and color.